Metallic vanadium activated by an in situ dissolution–deposition process for a superior aqueous zinc ion battery cathode

Abstract

Metallic vanadium is innovatively introduced for a superior aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode material, which is activated through in situ dissolution–deposition transition to amorphous V₂O₅·3H₂O and delivers an excellent capacity of 610 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and remarkable capacity retention rate of 80.3% after 1000 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹.