Rapid and efficient microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis of Na3V2(PO4)2F3 and exploration of the synthesis process

Abstract

We develop a microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis (MASS) for Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃ (NVPF) using NH₄F, NH₄VO₃, and Na₂CO₃ precursors, achieving ultrafast synthesis (40 minutes) and a fractal microstructure with uniform carbon coating. The NVPF cathode delivers near-theoretical capacity (127.41 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.1C), retains 60.83 mA h g⁻¹ at 20C, and shows 95.19% capacity retention after 500 cycles. Full cells (NVPF‖HC) demonstrate industrial viability with 475.6 W h kg⁻¹ energy density. This work provides a scalable, energy-efficient strategy for high-performance energy storage materials.