Unveiling emissive H-aggregates of benzocoronenediimide, their photophysics and ultrafast exciton dynamics

Abstract

H- and J-aggregates of many molecules can be considered ordered mesoscopic structures that behave like a single entity. This is due to coherent electronic coupling between electronic excitations of aggregated molecules, resulting in distinct electronic properties compared to the monomer. H-aggregates are generally non-emissive and, due to this property, they are considered unfit for optoelectronics applications, but they have found applications in organic light-emitting transistors. Herein, we designed t-butyl-substituted benzocoronenediimide (t-But-BCDI) forming rare emissive H-aggregates. The tertiary butyl groups are placed to inhibit the formation of strong aggregates. Photophysical studies showed that t-But-BCDI forms H-aggregates in a concentrated solution in a THF/CHCl₃ mixture. A blue shift in absorption along with a decrease in the A_0–0/A_0–1 ratio and red-shifted weaker emission are observed for the aggregate compared to the monomer. Ultrafast transient absorption studies revealed biphasic relaxation with lifetimes of 150 (±10) fs and 13 (±2) ps, which are attributed to a higher-to-lower state transition and vibrational cooling, respectively. The transient spectral signature suggests the Frenkel-type (localized to a monomer) character of the exciton. Faster evolution at the tens of picosecond timescale suggests relaxation of the exciton state within the H-type exciton band. An extraordinarily long emission lifetime from the H-aggregated state is observed.