What comes next: the fate of germa-, stanna-, and plumba-closo-dodecaborate based electrolytes in calcium ion batteries

Abstract

Recent investigations on plumba- and stanna-closo-dodecaborate-based electrolytes for alkali metal-ion batteries have demonstrated improved ionic conductivities at elevated temperatures. However, the potential of germa, stanna, and plumba borane in divalent ion batteries is uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, a theoretical approach has been adopted to explore the potential of Ge-, Sn-, and Pb-based borane anions as electrolytes for CIBs.