23.2% efficient low band gap perovskite solar cells with cyanogen management

W. Hashini K. Perera; Thomas Webb; Yuliang Xu; Jingwei Zhu; Yundong Zhou; Gustavo F. Trindade; Mateus G. Masteghin; Steven P. Harvey; Sandra Jenatsch; Linjie Dai; Sanjayan Sathasivam; Thomas J. Macdonald; Steven J. Hinder; Yunlong Zhao; Samuel D. Stranks; Dewei Zhao; Wei Zhang; K. D. G. Imalka Jayawardena; Saif A. Haque; S. Ravi P. Silva

doi:10.1039/D4EE03001J

23.2% efficient low band gap perovskite solar cells with cyanogen management†

W. Hashini K. Perera,

‡^a Thomas Webb,

‡^b Yuliang Xu,

^c Jingwei Zhu,

^c Yundong Zhou,

^d Gustavo F. Trindade,

^d Mateus G. Masteghin,

^a Steven P. Harvey,

^e Sandra Jenatsch,

^f Linjie Dai,

^gh Sanjayan Sathasivam,

^ij Thomas J. Macdonald,

^k Steven J. Hinder,

^l Yunlong Zhao,

^dm Samuel D. Stranks,

^gh Dewei Zhao,

^c Wei Zhang,

^a K. D. G. Imalka Jayawardena,

*^a Saif A. Haque

*^b and S. Ravi P. Silva

*^a

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Advanced Technology Institute, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
E-mail: i.jayawardena@surrey.ac.uk, s.silva@surrey.ac.uk

^b Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
E-mail: s.a.haque@imperial.ac.uk

^c College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Centre of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

^d National Physical Laboratory, NiCE-MSI, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK

^e Materials Science Centre, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA

^f Fluxim AG, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2, 8406 Winterthur, Switzerland

^g Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK

^h Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK

ⁱ School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK

^j Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK

^k Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK

^l The Surface Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK

^m Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK

Abstract

Managing iodine formation is crucial for realising efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a widely adopted hole transport material, particularly for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, improving the performance and stability of PEDOT:PSS based perovskite optoelectronics remains a key challenge. We show that amine-containing organic cations de-dope PEDOT:PSS, causing performance loss, which is partially recovered with thiocyanate additives. However, this comes at the expense of device stability due to cyanogen formation from thiocyanate–iodine interaction which is accelerated in the presence of moisture. To mitigate this degradation pathway, we incorporate an iodine reductant in lead–tin PSCs. The resulting devices show an improved power conversion efficiency of 23.2% which is among the highest reported for lead–tin PSCs, and ∼66% enhancement in the T_S80 lifetime under maximum power point tracking and ambient conditions. These findings offer insights for designing next-generation hole extraction materials for more efficient and stable PSCs.

This article is part of the themed collection: Recent Open Access Articles

Energy & Environmental Science

23.2% efficient low band gap perovskite solar cells with cyanogen management†

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