Investigation of the mechanical properties of an aluminum (Al 6061-T6)/graphene/bentonite hybrid nanocomposite experimentally and through finite element analysis study

Abstract

Nanoparticles are a useful addition to existing materials as they enable the development and production of nanocomposites with enhanced properties. Hybrid nanocomposites with more than one nano–reinforcement material provide the ability to further enhance the properties of the nanocomposite. This research is focused on fabricating a hybrid nanocomposite containing graphene sheets and nanoclay in an aluminum alloy metal matrix (Al 6061-T6). Sandcasting technique was used to prepare the nanocomposite using templates fabricated using 3D printers (FDM) and 3D models. The ductility of the aluminum alloy helps with stress distribution throughout the matrix phase onto the reinforcement nanoparticles and nanosheets, which causes a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) imaging were used to characterize the materials, along with universal standard mechanical tests. Computer aided tests were also performed using COMSOL software, and the results matched, showing the enhancement of the properties of the composite. Anti-microbial behavior of the nanoclay was tested, which showed an inhibition zone around the 2% nanoclay in disk diffusion test. Thus, an innovative nanocomposite material was developed by integrating graphene and nanoclay into Al 6061-T6. This combination not only enhances mechanical properties—such as deformation resistance and tensile strength—but also introduces antimicrobial activity on the aluminum surface. The improved properties make this nanocomposite particularly suitable for high-touch applications where both durability and hygiene are crucial, including doorknobs, toilet flushes, and shopping carts.