Bovine serum albumin under the influence of alkali metal halides

Abstract

The hydration shell of a protein is so important and an integral part of it, that protein's structure, stability and functionality cannot be conceived in its absence. This layer has unique properties not found in bulk water. However, ions, always present in the protein environment, disturb the hydration shell depending on their nature and concentration. In this work, we study the effect of four alkali metal halides (LiCl, NaCl, KCl and CsCl) on a Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) suspension. In order to investigate the influence of such ions on this protein, we use several experimental methods: dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and image analysis. We found that Li⁺ and Na⁺ prevent protein aggregation. Moreover, the ion size affects the interaction with the secondary structure of the protein (Amide III band). Notably, for the smallest ion (Li⁺), the water–ion interaction dominates over the Amide A band signature, contrasting with the other ions. We also differentiate between bulk and hydration water through the evaporation of protein suspensions.