Design, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of magnetic carboxymethylated β-cyclodextrin as a pH-sensitive carrier system for amantadine delivery: a novel approach for targeted drug delivery

Abstract

In this study, a magnetic carboxymethylated β-cyclodextrin (Mag/CM-β-CD) was developed as a carrier system to assess its capability on drug delivery application by forming an inclusion complex with amantadine (Amn) as a drug model. The synthesized inclusion complex (Mag/CM-β-CD/Amn) was analyzed using various techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, BET, TGA, TEM, VSM, and DLS. The encapsulation efficiency and drug release study of Mag/CM-β-CD/Amn were adopted using the spectroscopic method. Furthermore, the kinetics of drug release by different mathematical models was studied. The cytotoxicity evaluation of Mag/CM-β-CD and Mag/CM-β-CD/Amn was studied using MTT assay against the HUVEC cell line. The TEM imaging showed a spherical morphology and average size of less than 25 nm for the drug complex. Mag/CM-β-CD showed high EE% by absorbing 81.51% of amantadine. Mag/CM-β-CD/Amn showed a pH-sensitive manner with a higher release rate at acidic pH. In addition, a kinetic study reveals that the release process followed the Fickian mechanism and was governed by diffusion. The MTT assay demonstrated low toxicity for the Mag/CM-β-CD/Amn complex in HUVEC cells, showing a cell viability of 57.13% at a concentration of 1000 μg mL⁻¹. The results indicate that the developed system is an effective vehicle for transporting drugs in targeted drug delivery applications.