Effect of the molar concentration ratio of copper cobalt phosphate in supercapacitor application

Abstract

Balancing the content ratio of materials in an application is challenging. A small mistake could lead to current leakage, unintended harm, reduced longevity, and various other possible concerns. This study aims to evaluate the significance of copper cobalt phosphate (CCP) by utilising them in particular applications with appropriate ratios to enhance their effectiveness. The optimal concentration of Cu and Co is crucial for stability, reducing deterioration, and ensuring a longer cycle life. Low concentrations lead to insufficient ion availability and high concentrations reduce effective charge carriers. The synthesised composite displayed unique morphologies, such as nano-cubical rods and flower-like nanoflakes, indicating its diverse structural characteristics. These features contribute to enhanced electrochemical performance by providing a large number of active sites. Electrochemical characterisation was performed using a three-electrode system. Specifically, CCP at a specific concentration exhibited optimal performance, demonstrating a specific capacitance of 134.5 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 mA cm⁻² and a power density of 1.3 kW kg⁻¹. Furthermore, it showcased an energy density of 15.79 W h kg⁻¹ with better stability. The flower-like CCP//rGO solid hybrid supercapacitor (HSc) device exhibits a capacitance of 52.5 F g⁻¹ at a scan rate of 10 mV s⁻¹ within a 1.4 V potential window, demonstrating excellent cycling stability with 77.66% retention after 2000 cycles. These findings underscore the potential of copper cobalt phosphate nanocomposites as concentration variation yields promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications, owing to their superior electrochemical performance.