MOF-derived TiO2/C/g-C3N4 composites with dual heterojunction surfaces for efficient electromagnetic absorption

Abstract

The development of efficient electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials is essential for various technological applications, including telecommunications, radar systems, and electronic devices. This study introduces a novel strategy to enhance wave attenuation effectively by hybridizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with 2D g-C₃N₄. The composite structure allows for multiple internal reflections within the material, leading to a significant enhancement in absorption performance. In such a system, precise control of the calcination temperature allows us to modulate the degree of graphitization in the composite, which subsequently affects defect density and polarization loss. Adjusting the relative composition of MOFs with g-C₃N₄ allowed us to further fine-tune the conduction loss, providing access to an optimized electromagnetic absorber. The optimized NH₂-MIL-125/g-C₃N₄ composite with a 75/25% ratio exhibited an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.53 GHz and a maximum reflection loss (RL_max) of −69.27 dB at a minimal thickness of 2.19 mm. This work proposes a promising strategy for developing high-performance dielectric loss materials that exhibit enhanced electromagnetic absorption properties, providing valuable insights into the future of wave-absorbing materials.