Asymmetric synthesis of chiral organosilicon compounds via transition metal-catalyzed stereoselective C–H activation and silylation

Abstract

This feature article details the progress of transition metal-catalyzed stereoselective sp² and sp³ C–H activation and silylation in the synthesis of chiral organosilicon compounds, and the asymmetric C–H silylation includes intramolecular cyclizing silylation and intermolecular silylation. The silylating reagents include monohydrosilanes, dihydrosilanes, silacylcobutanes and disilanes. In general, catalytic systems include a transition metal salt as the catalyst and a chiral ligand. No external chiral ligand is required in some cases where the chiral substrates act as the source of chirality. Many kinds of silylated compounds with central, axial, planar, or helical chirality have been constructed via C–H activation by asymmetric rhodium, iridium or palladium catalysis. Some pharmacophores and material building blocks were successfully introduced into the target molecules. Some silylated products proved to be useful in medicinal chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and materials science. Besides reaction development, mechanisms for stereoselective C–H activation and silylation are also discussed.