Porous organic–inorganic hybrid materials for catalysis, energy and environmental applications

Abstract

The introduction of organic functionalities into porous inorganic materials not only makes the resulting hybrid porous framework to be more flexible and hydrophobic, but also provides additional scope for anchoring metal binding sites, which is beneficial for different frontline applications. Furthermore, the nanoscale porosity and high surface area of these organic–inorganic hybrid materials offer a better dispersion of active sites, which greatly enhances their application potential in adsorption, sensing, drug-delivery, energy storage, optoelectronics, light harvesting and catalysis. Easy post-synthetic functionalization of these hybrid materials has widened their application potential. Herein, we highlight several important synthetic strategies to design a wide range of organic–inorganic hybrid porous materials starting from the respective molecular precursors and their task-specific applications in energy and environmental research. We also outline the recent developments in their respective application areas together with various challenges that need to be overcome.