Confined Fe3O4–carbon dot catalyzed fabrication of hierarchical Fe3C/Fe–CNT catalysts for efficient oxygen reduction

Abstract

Fe₃O₄–CDs confined within a ZIF crystal matrix prevent the aggregation of metal nanoparticles and facilitate the fabrication of Fe₃C/Fe–CNT catalysts by one-step pyrolysis at 900 °C in the absence of a H₂ atmosphere.