Advancements in MoS2-based anodes for Li-ion batteries: recent progress, challenges, and future directions

Abstract

Significant progress has been made in developing advanced materials for energy storage and conversion, with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remaining a dominant technology. While graphite has long been the standard anode material, its limited theoretical capacity and poor rate capability pose challenges such as shorter battery life and prolonged charging times. To address these limitations, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), a layered transition metal sulfide, has emerged as a promising alternative due to its much higher theoretical capacity and potential to enable more energy-dense and durable batteries. Despite its promise, MoS₂-based LIBs face critical challenges, including low electrical conductivity, substantial volume changes during lithiation and delithiation, and scalability issues in material synthesis. Ensuring structural stability and compatibility with electrolytes further complicates its practical application. Addressing these issues is essential to unlock the full potential of MoS₂ as a high-performance anode material. Current research has explored strategies such as doping and defect engineering to improve electrical conductivity and enhance overall electrochemical performance. Furthermore, composite designs have demonstrated synergistic effects that not only improve electrical conductivity but also promote efficient lithium-ion transport, contributing to enhanced rate capability and cycling stability. This review comprehensively examines the progress, challenges, and innovative strategies associated with MoS₂-based anode materials for LIBs. Finally, it provides insights into future perspectives, focusing on the development and application of MoS₂ to advance next-generation energy storage technologies.