Recent developments in Ni-based layered double hydroxides extracted from waste for oxygen evolution reactions: a review on the pursuit for sustainable green hydrogen

Abstract

Waste-derived Ni-based LDHs (layered double hydroxides) provides a sustainable solution for generating green hydrogen while addressing hazardous waste challenges. The OER (oxygen evolution reaction) features an exchange of four electrons through the production of several precursors in an environment-friendly way. This review objectively evaluates Ni-based waste-derived LDHs and their design and functionalization approaches, followed by an overview of the existing waste transformation possibilities for OER processes. This review additionally emphasises the mechanistic routes of OER with Ni-based LDHs, along with its potential applications in sustainable syntheses of green hydrogen. The problems and prospects of this rapidly emerging field are also critically explored. It is expected that this review will provide valuable knowledge on waste-derived Ni–Ti LDHs for long-term green hydrogen production.