Anion exchange polymer membrane (AEPM)-based separators: an unexplored frontier for ZAB and AAB systems

Abstract

Research on metal–air batteries (MABs) is still in its infancy, and therefore, the full sustainability of real-life applications cannot yet be predicted. A potential MAB system should be designed to avoid the premature failure of the cell. This review primarily elaborates on the individual components of Zn and Al air batteries, emphasizing separators like anion exchange polymer membrane systems. The physicochemical characteristics of the membrane structure stimulate the overall performance, stability, safety, cyclic efficiency, durability, and scalability of the battery device. Nevertheless, the development of relevant membranes has not yet received the recognition that it deserves. The main scope of this review is the rational presentation of anion exchange polymer membranes (AEPMs) as a separator with a rich set of applications. Some promising membrane-forming materials, including different polymers and nanofillers, were investigated. Herein, the current issues and challenges restricting the full implementation of metallic anode compartments are presented, specifically zinc and aluminum anodes in the case of ZAB and AAB systems, respectively. A section dedicated to the influence of separators on addressing the issues related to the anode side of the battery systems is summarized herein. Finally, outlooks on the scalability, environmental impact, and future advancement of the AEPM as a potential separator toward practical large-scale battery applications are recapitulated.