Ionization of alkaline earths in flames is not at equilibrium, the principal ion (MOH+ for an alkaline earth M) is produced by the reverse of either of the two processes in the title, with activation energies slightly less than endothermicities, and recombination is bimolecular with a large rate constant (ca. 10–7 particle–1 ml s–1) displaying a negative temperature coefficient.
A. N. Hayhurst and D. B. Kittelson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 422 DOI: 10.1039/C39720000422
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