1H and 13C NMR characterization of pyridinium-type isoniazid–NAD adducts as possible inhibitors of InhA reductase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract

Oxidative activation of the antituberculous drug isoniazid (INH) in the presence of the NADH cofactor gives a pool of INH–NAD adducts proposed to be involved in the mechanism of action of this drug through inhibition of the reductase InhA. Among these adducts and besides dihydropyridine derivatives, two pyridinium-type isoniazid–NAD adducts were shown to be formed in solution and have been fully characterized by ¹H/¹³C NMR and MS. One of them results from the oxidation of dihydropyridine-type INH–NAD adducts. The spectral data strongly support its existence under two epimeric structures. These epimers arise from a cyclization process between the carboxamide group and the ketone function with the creation of a new chiral center at C-7. The second pyridinium-type adduct was formed in acidic solution by dehydration of the cyclized dihydropyridine-type INH–NAD adducts and also exists as a cyclized structure. Both of these pyridinium-type compounds were inactive as inhibitors of InhA activity and can be considered as deactivated species.