Electrochemical assay of superoxide based on biomimetic enzyme at highly conductive TiO2 nanoneedles: from principle to applications in living cells

Abstract

A novel strategy for extremely durable, reliable, and selective in situ real-time determination of superoxide anion (O₂˙⁻) based on direct electron transfer of a biomimeticsuperoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn₃(PO₄)₂, at highly conductive TiO₂ nanoneedles is reported for the first time, and is further exploited for the determination of O₂˙⁻ from living normal and cancer ovary cells directly adhered onto the modified surface, suggesting that O₂˙⁻ might be proposed as a biomarker of cancer.