Rhodamine-based highly sensitive colorimetric off-on fluorescent chemosensor for Hg2+ in aqueous solution and for live cell imaging

Abstract

A novel rhodamine-based highly sensitive and selective colorimetric off-on fluorescent chemosensor for Hg²⁺ ions is designed and prepared by using the well-known thiospirolactam rhodamine chromophore and furfural hydrazone as signal-reporting groups. The photophysical characterization and Hg²⁺-binding properties of sensor RS1 in neutral N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) aqueous solution are also investigated. The signal change of the chemosensor is based on a specific metal ion induced reversible ring-opening mechanism of the rhodamine spirolactam. The response of the chemosensor for Hg²⁺ ions is instantaneous and reversible. And it successfully exhibits a remarkably “turn on” response toward Hg²⁺ over other metal ions (even those that exist in high concentration). Moreover, this sensor is applied for in vivo imaging in Rat Schwann cells to confirm that RS1 can be used as a fluorescent probe for monitoring Hg²⁺ in living cells with satisfying results, which further demonstrates its value of practical applications in environmental and biological systems.