Multifunctional modified silver nanoparticles as ion and pH sensors in aqueous solution

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles capped with mercaptoacetic acid and 2-aminoethanethiol short-chain alkanethiols were prepared by a one-step method in aqueous solution for monitoring pH and a range of heavy metal ions. The mode of transduction is optical, based on the change in aggregation of the nanoparticles in solution. Because of the different ionic interactions between the modified nanoparticles, these nanoparticle sensors can rapidly detect Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Fe²⁺, with detection limits as low as 1 × 10⁻⁵ M, 5 × 10⁻⁷ M and 5 × 10⁻⁵ M respectively, as well as having the ability to detect Cu²⁺ ions from Pb²⁺ and Fe²⁺. Furthermore, the same functionalised nanoparticles are also sensitive to pH; exhibiting a good linear dynamic response between pH 1 and 10.