Detection of Fe2+ valence states in Fe doped SrTiO3 epitaxial thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Abstract

We present an X-ray absorption spectroscopy study on Fe-doped SrTiO₃ thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. The Fe L_2,3 edge spectra are recorded for doping concentrations from 0–5% after several annealing steps at moderate temperatures. The Fe valence state is determined by comparison with an ilmenite reference sample and calculations according to the charge transfer multiplet model. We found clear evidence of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ oxidation states independently of the doping concentration. The Fe²⁺ signal is enhanced at the surface and increases after annealing. The Fe²⁺ configuration is in contrast to the mixed Fe³⁺/Fe⁴⁺ valence state in bulk material and must be explained by the specific defect structure of the thin films due to the kinetically limited growth which induces a high concentration of oxygen vacancies.