In vitro determination of titanium and other metals released from intra-osseous dental implants into the mucosa

Abstract

The main goal of the study was to determine the compounds released from titanium into the overlying oral mucosa and the other metals found in two-stage dental intra-osseous implants. The determined concentration of the metals was as follows: titanium from 1.7 to 13.1 μg g⁻¹, nickel 10.0–0.8 μg g⁻¹, aluminum 5.3–100.5 μg g⁻¹, zinc 16.1–118.8 μg g⁻¹, and copper 0.3–13.6 μg g⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, we also present the results of experiments carried out to determine the release of metal ions from two implant systems (Astra and Dentium) into a solution of lactic acid (1%). The quantitative analysis of the metal ions was performed by means of an emission spectroscope by inductively coupled plasma ICP-OES. Studies were also carried out on the surfaces of different implant systems, including: Osteoplant, Astra, Dentium, SKY, Neoss as well as Biomet. The research involved the use of scanning electron microscopy to determine the chemical composition and quality of these systems.