Issue 5, 2015

A tertiary amine in two competitive processes: reduction of graphene oxide vs. catalysis of atom transfer radical polymerization

Abstract

Electrically conductive graphene oxide–polystyrene hybrids (GO–PS) were prepared by reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in one step during covalent modification of graphene oxide surface using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of styrene. The reduction of the GO surface was proven by Raman spectroscopy, electrical conductivity measurements, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrical conductivity of the synthesized GO–PS particles increased in eight orders of magnitude, depending on the polymerization period. Detailed studies were performed to determine that the tertiary amine, such as N,N,N′,N′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), used in SI-ATRP as a ligand complexing copper catalyst, was responsible for the GO surface reduction. It was shown that due to participation of PMDETA in reduction of graphene oxide, the ATRP in the presence of GO can proceed only above a certain PMDETA–GO ratio.

Graphical abstract: A tertiary amine in two competitive processes: reduction of graphene oxide vs. catalysis of atom transfer radical polymerization

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
22 Oct 2014
Accepted
04 Dec 2014
First published
04 Dec 2014

RSC Adv., 2015,5, 3370-3376

Author version available

A tertiary amine in two competitive processes: reduction of graphene oxide vs. catalysis of atom transfer radical polymerization

M. Ilčíková, M. Mrlík, Z. Špitalský, M. Mičušík, K. Csomorová, V. Sasinková, A. Kleinová and J. Mosnáček, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 3370 DOI: 10.1039/C4RA12915F

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