Effect of dopant concentration on the spectroscopic properties in an In3+ doped (0, 1, 2 and 4 mol%) Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystal

Abstract

A series of Yb:Tm:LiNbO₃ crystals with x mol% In³⁺ ions (x = 0, 1, 2 and 4 mol%) were grown by a conventional Czochralski technique for the first time. The In, Yb and Tm contents in the crystals were measured by an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The results revealed that the segregation coefficients of Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺ ions decreased with increase of the In³⁺ doping concentration. Also the segregation coefficient of In³⁺ ions increases with the increasing In³⁺ doping concentration in the melts, and it is close to one. The IR transmission spectra and UV-vis spectra were measured to analyze the defect structure of the crystals.