Issue 91, 2015

Synthesis and physiochemical properties of novel gemini surfactants with phenyl-1,4-bis(carbamoylmethyl) spacer

Abstract

A series of novel gemini surfactants, namely, phenyl-1,4-bis[(carbamoylmethyl) N,N-dimethylalkyl ammonium chloride)] (a, b and c), was synthesized systematically and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. The surface and bulk properties were evaluated by surface tension, conductivity, viscosity, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. These surfactants have been found to have low surface tension (γCMC) values as compared to other categories of gemini cationic surfactants, and they form vesicles in solutions at low concentrations. The DLS and TEM studies showed that the aggregations of the above mentioned surfactants changed from larger globular vesicles and smaller globular micelles to network aggregates and then to globular vesicles with an increase in the surfactant concentration. It is assumed that this unusual aggregation behavior is related to the transformation of the molecular conformation of phenyl-1,4-bis(carbamoylmethyl) spacer, along with its rigidity and hydrogen-bonding capability. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization process, namely, standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG0m), enthalpy (ΔH0m) and entropy (ΔS0m), were derived from conductivity measurements at different temperatures. The Krafft points of three gemini surfactants are very low.

Graphical abstract: Synthesis and physiochemical properties of novel gemini surfactants with phenyl-1,4-bis(carbamoylmethyl) spacer

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
11 Jul 2015
Accepted
20 Aug 2015
First published
20 Aug 2015

RSC Adv., 2015,5, 74764-74773

Author version available

Synthesis and physiochemical properties of novel gemini surfactants with phenyl-1,4-bis(carbamoylmethyl) spacer

L. Wang, Y. Zhang, L. Ding, J. Liu, B. Zhao, Q. Deng and T. Yan, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 74764 DOI: 10.1039/C5RA13616D

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