Monitoring metabolite change in ice stored ghol fish (Protonibea diacanthus) by using a 1H NMR technique: identification of pyruvate as a spoilage marker

Abstract

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy based metabolic analysis of ghol fish (Protonibea diacanthus) tissue extracts was carried out to acquire information on quality changes in fish samples during their prolonged storage in ice soon after sea-catch. This study revealed a wide distribution of metabolic signatures with the post-mortem age of ice stored fish. Up to 4 days (D-4) of ice storage, there were little changes in the concentration of a few selected metabolites such as trimethylammonium oxide (TMAO), creatine/phosphocreatine, and pyruvate; however, the concentration of the latter increased significantly afterwards.