Single-molecule imaging reveals the stoichiometry change of β2-adrenergic receptors by a pharmacological biased ligand†
Abstract
The stoichiometry of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) was determined using single-molecule fluorescence imaging in living cells. The results showed that β2AR mainly existed as monomers under physiological conditions and exhibited β-arrestin-dependent dimerization upon stimulation with the pharmacological biased ligand carvedilol. The association of β2AR dimerization with biased signalling is revealed.