Advanced hybrid battery with a magnesium metal anode and a spinel LiMn2O4 cathode†
Abstract
Two Mg–Li dual salt hybrid electrolytes are developed, which exhibit excellent oxidative stability up to around 3.8 V (vs. Mg/Mg2+) on an aluminum current collector, enabling the successful coupling of several state-of-the-art lithium-ion intercalation cathodes (LiMn2O4, LiCoO2 and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2) with magnesium metal anodes. The Mg-LiMn2O4 battery delivers an initial discharge capacity of about 106 mA h g−1 with a working voltage of around 2.8 V (vs. Mg/Mg2+), highlighting the highest working voltage of rechargeable batteries with magnesium metal anodes to date.