Towards toxicity removal in lead based perovskite solar cells by compositional gradient using manganese chloride

Abstract

We report synthetic steps towards a lead free manganese based perovskite MAPb_xMn_1–xI_1+2xCl_2–2x (nominal x = 0.1–1.0), photovoltaic material via a solid state reaction. Further application as an excellent panchromatic light harvester involves the fabrication of a cell with an inverted planar architecture at low processing temperature. This novel perovskite material offers an outstanding V_oc of 1.19 V with fill factor of 87.9%.