Avoiding the invasion of H2O into Y2Mo3O12 by coating with C3N4 to improve negative thermal expansion properties

Abstract

The hygroscopicity of Y₂Mo₃O₁₂ has serious influences on its mechanic and negative thermal expansion (NTE) properties. The reported partial ion substitution for Y³⁺ in Y₂Mo₃O₁₂ could reduce the hygroscopicity, however, the expected NTE properties disappear disappointedly. In this investigation, it is found that avoiding the invasion of crystal water and extending the NTE temperature range of Y₂Mo₃O₁₂ to room temperature could be realized together by heating with CO(NH₂)₂. The X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared absorption spectra, scanning electron microscopy images and X-ray photoelectron spectra suggest the formation of small hydrophobic molecules (C₃N₄, C, etc.) coated on the surface, which could clog the microchannels in Y₂Mo₃O₁₂ to avoid the invasion of crystal water. The investigation paves a way to improve the NTE properties by neglecting the influences of water molecules on the stretching vibrations of MoO₄ tetrahedra and the transverse vibrations of bridge oxygen atoms.