Sheared edible oils studied using dissipative particle dynamics and ultra small angle X-ray scattering: TAGwood orientation aggregation and disaggregation

Abstract

Previous work on the computer simulation of edible fats and oils showed that triglyceride crystalline nanoplatelets (CNPs) aggregated into cylindrical structures dubbed “TAGwoods”. This was experimentally verified using Ultra Small Angle X-ray Scattering experiments. In this paper, the aggregation of these TAGwoods was studied using the fluid simulation technique, Dissipative Particle Dynamics. The intent was to predict the TAGwood aggregation structures which arise via the application of a series of shear rates, . The effect of shear on TAGwood orientational order was also investigated. Three aggregation regimes were identified: At shear rates below a certain critical value, 0 < < _t aggregation was enhanced. The value of the critical shear rate depended on the size of the CNPs. With large CNPs possessing a side length of ∼500 nm, the critical shear rate was _t ≈ 0.6 s⁻¹. However, if the CNPs were smaller with a side length of ∼100 nm, then _t ≈ 75 s⁻¹. For shear rates above the critical shear rate, > _t aggregation was inhibited. The USAXS data was analyzed using the Unified Fit model and the observations were in accord with the simulation results. Three regimes were identified based on the values of the linear slope P₂ of the USAXS data. P₂ increased as increased, indicating increased aggregation of the TAGwoods as the shear rate was increased. P₂ ceased increasing and began to decrease when ≈ _t. With further increases in , P₂ decreased as increased further, which is indicative of a decrease in aggregation. The orientational quadrupole order parameter, S = 〈Q₃₃〉 = 1/2〈cos²θ − 1〉, was computed, where θ is the angle between the axis of the TAGwood and the axis of flow, and showed that, for large , it achieved a near-maximum value. This indicates that at high shear rates, the long axis of the cylindrical TAGwoods aligns in a direction parallel to that of the fluid flow.