Facile synthesis of low-cost biomass-based γ-Fe2O3/C for efficient adsorption and catalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution

Abstract

In this study, a novel and low-cost method was developed for synthesizing magnetic porous γ-Fe₂O₃/C as an adsorbent and catalyst for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Using FeCl₃·6H₂O and bagasse as the precursor, the biomass-based material was synthesized rapidly using a microwave heating process. Fe ions were introduced to achieve both adsorption and catalytic degradation by the Fenton reaction. Characterization by BET, XRD, SEM, and TEM indicated that the prepared γ-Fe₂O₃/C material exhibited homogeneous mesoporosity with a BET surface area, mesoporous volume, and saturation magnetization of 764.116 m² g⁻¹, 0.54 cm³ g⁻¹, and 17.1 emu g⁻¹, respectively. The material exhibited excellent adsorption and catalytic degradation abilities for removal of MB from aqueous solution (up to 352.96 mg g⁻¹), with complete degradation of MB within 30 min. Moreover, γ-Fe₂O₃/C had good stability over 5 cycles. Therefore, this biomass-based γ-Fe₂O₃/C material can be used as a highly effective and low-cost adsorbent and catalyst and has great potential application in clean-up processes for environmental pollutants.