Structural, magnetic and electrical properties in Al-substitued NiZnCo ferrite prepared via the sol–gel auto-combustion method for LTCC technology

Abstract

Al-substituted NiZnCo ferrite, Ni_0.4Zn_0.5Co_0.1Al_xFe_2−xO₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20), were synthesized by the sol–gel auto-combustion method. The effects of Al substitution on the structural, magnetic and electrical properties have been investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the lattice parameter decreases with the increase of Al substitution. The SEM images show that the grain size decreases with the increase of Al substitution. The initial magnetic permeability reaches the maximum value when Al substitution is 0.05. The resonance frequency is inversely proportional to initial magnetic permeability which obeys Snoek's law. The temperature coefficient reaches the maximum value when Al substitution is 0.05, and it has the minimum value when Al substitution is 0.20. The Curie temperature decreases with the increase of Al temperature due to the number of nonmagnetic Al³⁺ ions increase results in the decrease of superexchange interaction. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of the ferrite decrease linearly with the increase of Al substitution. The real dielectric constant of Ni_0.4Zn_0.5Co_0.1Al_xFe_2−xO₄ ferrite decreases exponentially as frequency increases, and the dielectric constants decrease with the increase of Al substitution. The direct-current resistivity decreases and follows an exponential decay with the increase of temperature, and it increases with Al substitution.