Chelating functional group attached to carbon nanotubes prepared for performance enhancement of vanadium redox flow battery

Abstract

A hydroxamic acid functionalized carbon nanotube (HAA-CNT) catalyst is prepared to determine its effect on VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ and V²⁺/V³⁺ redox reactions and on the performance of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), while its catalytic activity and VRFB performance are compared with those of pure CNTs and carboxylic acid functionalized CNT (CA-CNT) catalysts. According to the cyclic voltammetry measurements, HAA-CNT shows a better catalytic activity and reaction reversibility for vanadium redox reactions than CNT and CA-CNT because of the chelation ability of the HAA included in the HAA-CNT. With the role of chelating agent, the HAA group interacts well with vanadium ions, promoting their redox reactions. In particular, the HAA-CNT is more effective for the VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ reaction than the V²⁺/V³⁺ reaction because of the larger number of oxygen atoms considered as active sites for the VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ reaction. The role promoting VO²⁺/VO²⁺ reaction is confirmed by measuring charge transfer resistance efficiencies of a single cell VRFB. The chemical structure of the HAA-CNT is determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Eventually, when the HAA-CNT is used as a positive electrode for the VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ reaction, the performance of single cell VRFB is best.