On the piezoelectric efficiency of rotator and extender ferroelectrics in random polycrystalline aggregates with various engineered domain states

Abstract

This paper addresses the role of piezoelectric anisotropy in random ceramics of classic ferroelectric perovskites and analyzes the possibility of electromechanical enhancement by imposing various domain engineered states in random polycrystalline materials. It demonstrates that classical Mackenzie statistics of random crystallite orientations in an electrically poled polycrystalline aggregate favour their cumulative longitudinal piezoelectric activity in the class of ferroelectric rotators and disfavour it in the extenders. Further statistical analysis addresses the piezoelectric longitudinal effect of polar cone broadening in rotator-type ferroelectric ceramics subjected to poling in different polar polymorphs.