Nanoplatelet modulation in 2D/3D perovskite targeting efficient light-emitting diodes

Abstract

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on two-dimensional (2D) perovskite nanoplatelets exhibit high electroluminescence (EL) efficiency because of the quantum confinement effect, which increases electron–hole recombination to promote radiative emission. It is well-known that a 2D nanoplatelet structure (〈n〉 = 1) is detrimental for luminescence efficiency due to possible thermal quenching of excitons at room temperature. Here, a simple strategy is developed to suppress growth of NMA₂PbBr₄ (〈n〉 = 1) nanoplatelets by carefully tuning the precursor ratio of cesium bromide (CsBr), formamidinium bromide (FABr) and 1-naphthylmethylammonium bromide (NMABr). The sub-domain size of the perovskite crystal decreases as the long-chain ligand NMABr ratio increases, leading to enhanced photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) due to size confinement effect when the NMABr ratio is below 60%. Unfortunately, the NMA₂PbBr₄ component in 2D/3D perovskites also grows with increasing NMABr ratio, which results in poor EL efficiency. FABr incorporation can provide additional control over suppression of NMA₂PbBr₄ growth in 2D/3D perovskites. A compact and uniform perovskite film with reduced NMA₂PbBr₄ content achieves PLQY of ∼61%. Benefiting from these features, a green perovskite LED yields current efficiency of 46.8 cd A⁻¹ with an external quantum efficiency of 14.9%. This study paves a new way to modulate the crystal structure in perovskites via a simple and effective method for high-performance LEDs.