Facile synthesis of wavy carbon nanowires via activation-enabled reconstruction and their applications towards nanoparticles separation and catalysis

Abstract

We report a facile synthesis of wavy carbon nanowires (WCNWs) derived from polyurethane via KOH activation. The success of this synthesis relies on a carefully designed activation procedure, which involved one pre-activation stage to form suitable precursor and one high-temperature activation stage to allow directional carbon reconstruction. In particular, PU was initially mixed with KOH and thermally treated sequentially at 400 °C and 800 °C for 1 hour, respectively. The resultant products exhibit high purity in the shape of wavy wire, together with a uniform diameter of 51 ± 5.2 nm and the length in the range of 2–8 μm. Systematic studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of reaction parameters in two activation stages on the morphology and structure of final products. It is worth noting that the as-prepared WCNWs could find promising use in the field of both nanoparticle separation and catalysis. For example, they exhibit outstanding separation abilities towards Au nanospheres with different sizes and enhanced catalytic performance when serving as the catalyst support for Pd towards ethanol oxidation reaction. Particularly, the peak current density of Pd/WCNWs catalysts can reach 2126 mA mg_Pd⁻¹ and the value of its electrochemical active surface area is 60.5 m² g_Pd⁻¹.