Anion–π interactions in lithium–organic redox flow batteries

Abstract

The anions in electrolytes are the carriers of lithium ions for lithium–organic redox flow batteries. Herein, we reported that the interactions between the electrolyte anions and electron-deficient redox-active organic molecules (anion–π interactions) have strong influences on the battery properties due to the anion–π-induced formation of radical anions or sandwich-like aggregates.