An ultrathin surface-nitrided porous titanium sheet as a current collector-free sulfur host for high-gravimetric-capacity lithium–sulfur batteries

Abstract

A novel cathode structure consisting of ultrathin and freestanding surface-nitrided porous titanium (SNPT) sheets, was designed for high-gravimetric-capacity Li–S batteries. This unusual cathode combines the sulfur host and the current collector together, increasing the sulfur mass ratio by over 20% compared with routine cathodes, resulting in excellent cycling performance with an initial capacity of 1325 mA h g⁻¹ and a coulombic efficiency of over 99% at 1.0C.