Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes in organic synthesis

Abstract

α-Trifluoromethylstyrene derivatives are versatile synthetic intermediates for the preparation of more complex fluorinated compounds. Much attention has been paid to these compounds by the organic chemistry community, because they have been successfully utilized in C–F bond activation in a CF₃ group, mainly including anionic S_N2′-type substitution, cationic S_N1′-type substitution, ipso-substitution and defluorinative functionalization with transition metals or photoredox catalysts. In addition, transition metal-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions of α-trifluoromethylstyrenes have been developed for the construction of cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes containing fluoro or trifluoromethyl groups. In this review, we systematically summarized the synthesis of α-trifluoromethylstyrenes and their applications in organic synthetic chemistry, and their mechanisms were also discussed.