PEGylation within a confined hydrophobic cavity of a protein

Abstract

The conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to proteins, known as PEGylation, has increasingly been employed to expand the efficacy of therapeutic drugs. Recently, research has emphasized the effect of the conjugation site on protein–polymer interactions. In this study, we performed atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of lysine 116 PEGylated bovine serum albumin (BSA) to illustrate how conjugation near a hydrophobic pocket affects the conjugate's dynamics and observed altered low mode vibrations in the protein. MD simulations were performed for a total of 1.5 μs for each PEG chain molecular mass from 2 to 20 kDa. Analysis of preferential PEG–BSA interactions showed that polymer behavior was also affected as proximity to the attractive protein surface patches promoted interactions in small (2 kDa) PEG chains, while the confined environment of the conjugation site reduced the expected BSA surface coverage when the polymer molecular mass increased to 10 kDa. This thorough analysis of PEG–BSA interactions and polymer dynamics increases the molecular understanding of site-specific PEGylation and enhances the use of protein–polymer conjugates as therapeutics.