The purification, identification and bioactivity study of a novel calcium-binding peptide from casein hydrolysate

Abstract

In this study, a novel calcium-binding peptide from casein hydrolysate was purified using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and sequenced by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS. The amino acid sequence of the calcium-binding peptide was identified as VLPVPQK (N- to C-terminal, MW = 779.4960 Da). The calcium binding characteristics of VLPVPQK were further investigated using UV absorption spectroscopy, zeta potential and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The results showed that VLPVPQK has a strong calcium binding activity (129.46 mg g⁻¹), 312% higher than that of 3-hour enzymatic hydrolysates. VLPVPQK could chelate calcium with a 1 : 3 stoichiometry, causing a decrease in the positive charge of the peptide–Ca²⁺ complex. Furthermore, VLPVPQK could effectively enhance calcium transport and absorption in a concentration-dependent manner in Caco-2 cell monolayers, suggesting that VLPVPQK has the potential to be developed as a nutraceutical additive.