Construction of CPs@MnO2–AgNPs as a multifunctional nanosensor for glutathione sensing and cancer theranostics

Abstract

A multifunctional nanosensor of CPs@MnO₂–AgNPs was constructed for sensitive and selective sensing of GSH and cancer theranostics in this work. The CPs@MnO₂ nanocomposite was synthesized by capping MnO₂ onto carbon nanoparticles through an in situ redox reaction under ultrasonication. AgNPs with fluorescence were obtained through a silver-mirror-like reaction using BSA as both a template and reductant and further anchored onto the surface of CPs@MnO₂ through electrostatic interaction to construct the CPs@MnO₂–AgNP nanocomposite. The fluorescence of AgNPs was effectively quenched by MnO₂ through an inner filter effect and a static quenching effect and further recovered by GSH owing to the unique redox reaction between GSH and MnO₂. Therefore, a novel fluorescent turn-on nanosensor was established for GSH sensing in vitro and in vivo. For GSH sensing, a satisfactory linear range of 0.8–80 μM with a detection limit of 0.55 μM was obtained under optimal conditions. Moreover, by integrating the GSH-responsive fluorescence imaging capacity, the photothermal activity of carbon nanoparticles and the anticancer effect of AgNPs, the CPs@MnO₂–AgNP nanocomposite was successfully applied for cancer theranostics. The fluorescence recognition of cancer was achieved by overexpressing GSH in cancer, meanwhile the photothermal therapy from CPs and chemotherapy from AgNPs jointly produced an enhanced therapeutic effect. This redox-responsive nanocomposite of CPs@MnO₂–AgNPs improves the MnO₂ nanomaterial-based applications in GSH sensing and cancer theranostics.