New dimensions in calix[4]pyrrole: the land of opportunity in supramolecular chemistry

Abstract

The quest for receptors endowed with the selective complexation and detection of negatively charged species continues to receive substantial consideration within the scientific community worldwide. This study is encouraged by the utilization of anions in nature in a plethora of biological systems such as chloride channels and proteins and as polyanions for genetic information. The molecular recognition of anionic species is greatly interesting in terms of their favourable interactions. In this comprehensive review, in addition to giving accounts of some selected syntheses, we illustrated diverse applications ranging from molecular containers to ion transporters and drug carriers of a supramolecular receptor named calix[4]pyrrole. We believe that the present review may act as a catalyst in enhancing the novel applications of calix[4]pyrrole and its congeners in the other dimensions of science and technology.