Polymer-modified mesoporous silica microcubes (P@MSMCs) for the synergistic oxidative entrapment of Ag(i), Ti(iv), and Zn(ii) from natural river water

Abstract

Herein, we demonstrate a hydrothermal route to the one-pot synthesis of polymeric mesoporous silica microcubes (P@MSMCs) for the adsorption of heavy metal ions. During the synthesis of P@MSMCs from column silica gel, the roles and combination of the polymer and an etchant were characterized. Moreover, the porosity of P@MSMCs was tailored by adjusting the reaction temperature between 75 °C and 200 °C. The characterization through UV, FTIR, FESEM, XRD, BET, and EDX techniques exhibited that P@MSMCs have a well-ordered mesoporous structure with cubic morphology. The P@MSMCs had a diameter of 2 μm, with an average pore volume and pore size of 0.69 cm³ g⁻¹ and 10.08 nm, respectively. The results indicated that the P@MSMCs have excellent adsorption capacity for Ag(I), Ti(IV), and Zn(II) due to the formation of an aggregated complex. These aggregations led to affordable density difference-based separation of these metal ions through centrifugation, filtration or simple decantation. The removal efficiencies for Ag(I), Ti(IV), and Zn(II) were observed to be 520, 720, and 850 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The kinetic studies demonstrated that the adsorption performance fitted well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The as-synthesized P@MSMCs were stable in the wide pH range of 4–8. Significantly, the recycling or reuse results displayed effective adsorption performance of these P@MSMCs for up to 5 cycles. The adsorption results obtained herein will promote the development of similar strategies for the removal of heavy metal ions from natural water.