A novel series of phenolic temozolomide (TMZ) esters with 4 to 5-fold increased potency, compared to TMZ, against glioma cells irrespective of MGMT expression

Abstract

The standard of care treatment for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is temozolomide (TMZ). Tumour resistance to TMZ results in significantly limited clinical effectiveness. There is therefore an inherent need for alternatives to TMZ capable of overcoming resistance associated with MGMT and MMR. In the present study, a series of ester and amide analogues of TMZ, modified at position 8 on the imidazole ring, were prepared and investigated for antiproliferative properties. It was found that phenolic ester analogues of TMZ displayed increased potency, of up to 5-fold, against specified glioblastoma cell lines. The encouraging results displayed by the phenolic TMZ esters prompted further investigations against patient-derived primary glioblastoma cultures. The primary cultures, BTNW914 and BTNW374, were MGMT positive and MGMT negative, respectively. Lead phenolic TMZ esters were found to decrease viability in primary cells at clinically relevant concentrations, irrespective of MGMT expression. Furthermore, TMZ was found to be ineffective against the same primary cells at clinically relevant concentrations. The novel phenyl ester analogues of TMZ, described in this study, could have potential chemotherapeutic properties for the treatment of GBM, overcoming the resistance associated with the expression of MGMT.