Recent advances in liquid hydrosilane-mediated catalytic N-formylation of amines with CO2

Abstract

Carbon dioxide is an ideal raw material for the synthesis of complex organic compounds because of its rich, non-toxic, and good physical properties. It is of great significance to transform CO₂ into valuable fine chemicals and develop a green sustainable cycle of carbon surplus. Based on hydrosilane as a reducing agent, this work summarizes the recent applications of reductive amidation of CO₂ using different catalysts such as organocatalysts, ionic liquids (ILs), salts, transition metal complexes, and solvents. The main factors affecting the reductive amidation of CO₂ and the possible reaction mechanism are discussed. Moreover, the future orientation and catalytic systems of the formylation of amines with CO₂ and hydrosilane are prospected.