Stepwise assembly of heterobimetallic complexes: synthesis, structure, and physical properties

Abstract

Bimetallic active sites are ubiquitous in metalloenzymes and have sparked investigations of synthetic models to aid in the establishment of structure–function relationship. We previously reported a series of discrete bimetallic complexes with [Fe^III–(μ-OH)–M^II] cores in which the ligand framework provides distinct binding sites for two metal centers. The formation of these complexes relied on a stepwise synthetic approach in which an Fe^III–OH complex containing a sulfonamido tripodal ligand served as a synthon that promoted assembly. We have utilized this approach in the present study to produce a new series of bimetallic complexes with [Fe^III–(μ-OH)–M^II] cores (M = Ni, Cu, Zn) by using an ancillary ligand to the Fe^III center that contains phosphinic amido groups. Assembly began with formation of an Fe^III–OH that was subsequently used to bind the M^II fragment that contained a triazacyclononane ligand. The series of bimetallic complexes were charactered structurally by X-ray diffraction methods, spectroscopically by absorption, vibrational, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, and electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry. A notable finding is that these new [Fe^III–(μ-OH)–M^II] complexes displayed significantly lower reduction potentials than their sulfonamido counterparts, which paves way for future studies on high valent bimetallic complexes in this scaffold.