Recent advances in the synthesis of indolizine and its derivatives by radical cyclization/cross-coupling

Abstract

Indolizine is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle that has a variety of potential biological activities, and some indolizine derivatives with excellent fluorescence properties can even be used as organic fluorescent molecules for biological and material applications. Thus, many approaches for their synthesis have been developed. Among them, radical-induced synthetic approaches are receiving increasing attention owing to their unique advantages, such as efficient heterocycle construction, efficient C–C or C–X bond construction, and high atom- and step-economy. This review systematically examines the current and latest synthetic strategies using radical species or radical intermediates for synthesizing indolizines and their derivatives. This review is classified into two parts based on the type of building blocks used for indolizine ring construction and the type of radical trigger for indolizine derivative construction. We anticipate that this review will provide a deep understanding of this topic, and ultimately help researchers to develop novel approaches for the synthesis of indolizine and its derivatives.